1. Chii chinonzi Antenna?
Sezvatinoziva tese, kune marudzi ese e wmidziyo yekutaurirana isina basamuhupenyu hwedu, senge drone vhidhiyo downlink,wireless link yerobhoti, digital mesh systemuye idzi nhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo dzinoshandisa masaisai eredhiyo kutumira ruzivo rwakadai sevhidhiyo, izwi uye data.Antenna mudziyo unoshandiswa kupenya nekugamuchira masaisai eredhiyo.
2.Antenna bandwidth
Kana iyo frequency yekushanda yeantenna ichichinja, dhigirii rekuchinja kweiyo yakakodzera magetsi paramita yeantenna iri mukati meiyo inobvumidzwa renji.Iyo inobvumidzwa frequency renji panguva ino ndeye antenna frequency bhendi upamhi, inowanzonzi bandwidth.Chero antenna ine imwe inoshanda bandwidth, uye haina inoenderana mhedzisiro kunze kweiyi frequency bhendi.
Mhedziso bandwidth: ABW=fmax - fmin
Relative bandwidth: FBW=(fmax - fmin)/f0×100%
f0=1/2(fmax + fmin) ndiyo frequency yepakati
Kana iyo antenna ikashanda pacentre frequency, iyo yakamira wave ratio ndiyo idiki uye kushanda kwayo ndiko kwakanyanya.
Naizvozvo, iyo formula yehukama bandwidth inowanzo ratidzwa se: FBW=2(fmax- fmin)/(fmax+ fmin)
Nekuti iyo antenna bandwidth ndiyo yekushanda frequency renji uko imwe kana mamwe emagetsi ekuita ma paramita e antenna anosangana nezvinodiwa, akasiyana emagetsi ma paramita anogona kushandiswa kuyera frequency bhendi upamhi.Semuenzaniso, iyo frequency bhendi hupamhi inoenderana ne3dB lobe upamhi (iyo lobe upamhi inoreva kona iri pakati pemapoinzi maviri uko kusimba kwemwaranzi kunodzikira ne3dB, ndiko kuti, simba remagetsi rinodzikira nehafu, pamativi ese maviri eiyo yakanyanya radiation kutungamira. yeiyo huru lobe), uye iyo frequency bhendi hupamhi uko iyo yakamira wave reshiyo inosangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa.Pakati pavo, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye bandwidth inoyerwa neiyo yakamira wave ratio.
3.Ukama huri pakati pekushanda frequency uye antenna size
Mune imwe svikiro, kumhanya kwekuparadzira kwemafungu emagetsi ndeyechokwadi (yakaenzana nekumhanya kwechiedza muvacuum, yakanyorwa se c≈3 × 108m/s).Zvinoenderana nec = λf, zvinogona kuoneka kuti iyo wavelength inopindirana neiyo frequency, uye izvo zviviri ndidzo chete hukama hunoenderana.
Kureba kweantenna kwakanyatso kuenderana newavelength uye inversely inoenderana neiyo frequency.Ndiko kuti, iyo yakakwira frequency, ipfupi yewavelength, uye ipfupi antenna inogona kugadzirwa.Ehe, kureba kweantenna kazhinji hakuna kuenzana newavelength imwe, asi kazhinji 1/4 wavelength kana 1/2 wavelength (kazhinji iyo wavelength inoenderana nepakati pekushanda frequency inoshandiswa).Nekuti kana kureba kwekondukita kuri kuverengeka kuwanda kwe 1/4 wavelength, kondakita anoratidza hunhu hwe resonance pakuwanda kwewavelength iyoyo.Kana conductor kureba kuri 1/4 wavelength, ine akatevedzana resonance maitiro, uye kana conductor kureba iri 1/2 wavelength, ine parallel resonance maitiro.Mune ino resonance state, iyo antenna inopenya zvine simba uye kutapurirana uye yekugamuchira shanduko inoshanda yakakwira.Kunyangwe mwaranzi weiyo oscillator ichipfuura 1/2 yewavelength, mwaranzi icharamba ichikwidziridzwa, asi anti-phase radiation yechikamu chakawandisa inoburitsa mhedzisiro yekudzima, saka iyo yakazara radiation mhedzisiro inokanganisika.Naizvozvo, antenna akajairwa anoshandisa oscillator kureba unit ye1/4 wavelength kana 1/2 wavelength.Pakati pavo, iyo 1/4-wavelength antenna inonyanya kushandisa pasi segirazi pachinzvimbo chehafu-wave antenna.
1/4 wavelength antenna inogona kuwana yakanakira kumira wave ratio uye kushandiswa kwekushandisa nekugadzirisa dhizaini, uye panguva imwe chete, inogona kuchengetedza yekuisa nzvimbo.Nekudaro, antennas ehurefu uhwu anowanzo kuwana yakaderera uye haakwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zveimwe yakakwirira-kupfuma yekufambisa mamiriro.Muchiitiko ichi, 1/2-wavelength antennas inowanzoshandiswa.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvakaratidzwa mudzidziso uye kuita kuti 5/8 wavelength array (urefu uhwu huri pedyo ne1/2 wavelength asi ine mwaranzi yakasimba kupfuura 1/2 wavelength) kana 5/8 wavelength kupfupisa array (kune coil yekurodha pahafu yewavelength chinhambwe kubva kumusoro kweantenna) inogona zvakare kugadzirwa kana kusarudzwa kuti iwane inodhura-inoshanda uye yepamusoro kuwana antenna.
Zvinogona kuoneka kuti kana isu tichiziva iyo yekushanda frequency yeantenna, tinokwanisa kuverenga iyo inoenderana wavelength, tobva tasanganiswa neiyo yekufambisa mutsara dzidziso, yekuisa nzvimbo mamiriro uye yekufambisa inodiwa zvinodiwa, tinogona kunyatsoziva kureba kwakakodzera kweiyo antenna inodiwa. .
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-13-2023
