Isingeniso
Ngesikhathi se-ukuxhumana kwebanga elilodwa of izixhumanisi zomsakazo ezibucayi, tuyashabalala amaza omsakazoizothinta ibanga lokuxhumana.Esihlokweni, sizoyethula ngemininingwane evela ezicini zayo nasekuhlukaniseni.
IIzimpawu Ezifiphalayo Zamagagasi Omsakazo
Izici zemisebe eqondile, i-refraction, reflection, ukuhlakazeka, ukuphazamiseka nokumuncwa kwamaza omsakazo kwenza amaza omsakazo anciphe kancane kancane ngokwanda kwebanga lokusakazeka.
(1) Uma amaza omsakazo anda ebangeni elikhudlwana nelikhudlwana nasezifundeni zendawo endaweni ekhululekile, amandla amaza omsakazo azohlakazeka kakhulu, okubangele ukufiphala kokusabalalisa (okungukuthi, ukulahleka kwendlela).Ichazwa njengesilinganiso sokuminyana kwamandla ebangeni elithile lokusabalalisa ukusuka emthonjeni wemisebe ukuya kubukhulu bamandla ebangeni leyunithi, futhi inani layo lilingana ngokuphambene nesikwele sebanga lokusakazeka.
(2) Ngenkathi isakaza phakathi nendawo, ngaphezu kokuncishiswa kokusabalalisa, amandla amaza omsakazo azophinde asetshenziswe into esetshenziswayo, okuholela ekuncipheni kokumunca kanye nokuncishiswa kwe-refraction.Inkomba ye-refractive n kanye ne-absorption attenuation engaguquki ɑ yamaza kagesi asakazwa emithonjeni yezindaba ehlukene ahlukile.
Ukulahlekelwa kwendlela yokusakaza yesignali yomsakazo ethunyelwe yisiteshi sesisekelo kuthinteka kakhulu indawo kanye nezinto eziphansi.Uma isiteshi sesisekelo siphakeme, isignali izohamba ibanga elide.
Ukusakazwa kwamagagasi omsakazo nakho kuhlobene nemvamisa.Lapho i-frequency iphezulu, ukulahleka kwendlela kukhulu, ikhono lokuhlukanisa liyancipha, futhi kuba seduze nebanga lokusabalalisa.Ngokuphambene ngamafrikhwensi aphansi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamagagasi omsakazo afiphalayo
(1) Ngokomthelela wokufiphala kwamasignali angenawaya, ukufiphala kwamaza omsakazo ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa endaweni engenawaya kuhlukaniswa3izigaba:
● Ukulahleka Kwendlela Okumaphakathi—Isilinganiso samandla esiginali eyamukelwe siyahluka ngokuphambene namandla athile obude bebanga elikhulayo.
● Ukufiphala kwethunzi - lapho igagasi lomsakazo lihlangabezana nesithunzi senkundla kazibuthe esibangelwa izithiyo ezihlukene endleleni yokusabalalisa, izinga le-median yendawo lishintsha kancane ngendawo, isikhathi kanye nesivinini sokunyakaza, okubizwa ngokuthi ukufiphala kwethunzi (ngenxa yoshintsho oluhamba kancane, ngakho-ke kubizwa nangokuthi ukufiphala kancane).
● Ukufiphala kwe-Multipath - Iyafiphala ngenxa yokusakazwa kwezindlela eziningi.I-amplitude nesigaba segagasi elihlanganisiwe esiteshini sokwamukela zishintshashintsha ngokushesha ngokuhamba kwesiteshi esihambayo.Lesi senzakalo ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi ukufiphala kwe-multipath (kubuye kubizwe ngokuthi ukufiphala okusheshayo ngoba amandla esignali eyamukelwe ashintsha ngokushesha).
(2) Ngokuhambisana nobukhulu bokushintshwa kwamandla ensimu yesiginali eyamukelwe, ukufiphala kwamaza omsakazo kuhlukaniswe ku-3izinhlobo:
●Ukufiphala kwesilinganiso esikhulu - kuchaza ukuncishiswa kwesignali okubangelwa ibanga, nezici zamandla esignali atholiwe esikhawulweni esikhulu (amakhulu noma amakhilomitha) ahluka ngebanga lokudlulisa nokwamukela.
●I-Mesoscale Fading - Isici esihamba kancane se-median sithole amandla esignali ngaphezu kwesikhawu sesikali esimaphakathi (amakhulu wamaza wamaza).
●Ukufiphala kwesilinganiso esincane—ushintsho olusheshayo lwesici senani elisheshayo lamandla enkambu yesiginali eyamukelwe esikhaleni esincane (amashumi amaza obude).
Emvelweni weselula kunemiphumela emibili:
1. Izindlela eziningi, ukufiphala okusheshayo kwesikhashana okubangelwa ukucabanga nokuhlakazeka kusuka endaweni yokwakha noma ezinye izinto.
2. Ushintsho olunensayo lwesikhathi eside emandleni esignali ebusayo ekhiqizwa indlela ebonakalayo ngokuqondile.Isiteshi sisebenza ngokufiphala okusheshayo esithobela ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Rayleigh futhi sibekwe phezulu ngokufiphala okunensayo kokuthi i-amplitude yesiginali ihambisane nokusabalalisa okuvamile kwe-logarithmic.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2023